Introduction:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common pediatric neurobehavioral disorder consisting of high and chronic levels of inattention, impulsivity/hyperactivity, and/or both, and affects more than 2 million school-age children. Researchers are not sure of the exact causes of the disorder, but it appears that some perinatal factors other than genetic factors may contribute strongly to the development of the disorder. The aim of this review was to investigate perinatal and obstetric factors associated with the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood.

Material and Methods:
A bibliographic review of databases of English language studies published from 2002 to 2020, using Embase, PsychINFO, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Out of 1100 studies, only 17 were included in the review as they met the inclusion criteria.

Results:
The results of the review showed that in addition to heredity and genetic factors, various conditions in pregnancy or the lifestyle of the mother in pregnancy, adverse conditions in childbirth and infancy can contribute alone or in combination to the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood.

Conclusions:
Obstetric vigilance to identify risk factors in pregnancy combined with prevention of obstetric complications is key to the prevention of ADHD.